EXPRESSPLAY AGREEMENT

(Version 6.0; 27/08/2019)

 

This ExpressPlay Agreement, including each of the exhibits referenced herein (together, this Agreement), states the contractual terms and conditions that govern access to and use of the services, technology and information provided by ICSC hereunder and is an agreement between Intertrust Cloud Services Corporation (“ICSC”) and the entity you represent (Company”). Please review this Agreement carefully before accepting it below on behalf of the Company.

Use of the ICSC Services and Licensed Technology are expressly conditioned on acceptance of this Agreement. No company may access or use the ICSC Services or Licensed Technology unless an authorized representative has accepted this Agreement on its behalf. You represent to ICSC that you are lawfully able to enter into contracts (e.g., you are not a minor) and that you have legal authority to accept this Agreement on behalf of the Company and to bind the Company.

This Agreement shall become effective on the date it is accepted online (the Effective Date) and shall continue in effect for the Term set forth herein. ICSC and the Company are also hereinafter referred to collectively as the Parties and individually as a Party.

Terms and Conditions

Under no circumstances shall any provision of this Agreement be construed as granting to Company, by implication, estoppel or otherwise, any licenses or rights other than the licenses and rights expressly granted in this Agreement.

Content owners use Microsoft PlayReadyTM content access technology to protect their intellectual property, including copyrighted content. This service uses PlayReady technology to protect certain content. If the PlayReady technology fails to protect the content, content owners may require the service to restrict or prevent the delivery of protected content to specified devices or PC software applications. In certain cases, you may be required to upgrade the PlayReady technology to continue to access the services content. If you decline such an upgrade, you will not be able to access content that requires the upgrade.

6.3.       Conformity to the Service Interfaces. Company shall conform to the requirements of the service interfaces of the ICSC Services and shall cause its Company Products and Company Services to interoperate with the ICSC Services in an efficient manner.

6.4.       FPS SDK and FPS Deployment Package. ICSCs processing of FairPlay transactions shall be conditioned on Company (i) executing the Apple Developer Program License Agreement (and any other agreement required by Apple), complying with the terms of such agreement(s), (ii) providing ICSC the most current Company-specific FPS Deployment Package and FPS SDK (as defined in the Apple Developer Program License Agreement), and (iii) hereby granting ICSC a right and license to use them as necessary to process FairPlay transactions through the ExpressPlay Service for Company and its End Users.

6.5.       End-User Notice and Consent. Company agrees that, in the event that any law, rule, regulation, industry self-regulatory guideline, or other standard applicable to Company requires that End Users consent to, or be provided notice of, Companys use of the ICSC Services or sharing of data with ICSC to provide the ICSC Services, Company is solely responsible for providing the required notice and/or securing the required consent and ICSC will have no obligation or liability arising from or relating to Companys failure to do so.

6.6.    Compliance and Robustness-Based Limitations and Obligations

6.6.1.        Marlin Managed Content Output Controls. Company understands and agrees that in order to fulfill certain requirements of the Marlin Trust Management Organization: (i) ExpressPlay Binaries will not render Marlin Managed Content where the license for such content includes an output control; (ii) the ExpressPlay Binaries for desktop platforms shall, unless the Marlin Managed Content license permits otherwise, downscale and output Marlin Managed Content as a Constrained Image; and (iii) ExpressPlay Binaries for mobile platforms shall only render Marlin Managed Content that qualifies as a Constrained Image, unless the Marlin Managed Content license expressly permits Company to render images that are not Constrained Images. Company further acknowledges and agrees that it shall take all steps necessary to ensure that the ExpressPlay Binaries for mobile platforms shall only render decrypted and encoded content on the mobile platforms native media player.

6.6.2.        Robustness-Based Limitations and Obligations. Company understands and agrees that in order to fulfill certain requirements of the Marlin Trust Management Organization, Company Products that incorporate the ExpressPlay SDK for iOS (the iOS SDK) may only be distributed or Provided through the Apple App Store. Company further acknowledges and agrees that it shall take all steps necessary to: (i) ensure that Company Products that incorporate the iOS SDK will only be distributed or Provided through the Apple App Store and (ii) prevent any distribution or Provision of Company Products by means other than by the Apple App Store.

6.7.    ExpressPlay Binaries Updates. In accordance with any support directive issued by ICSC at the time of a new release of the ExpressPlay Binaries, Company (i) shall integrate such new release of the ExpressPlay Binaries provided by ICSC to Company into Company Products and cease using earlier releases of the ExpressPlay Binaries in its Company Products, and (ii) shall update deployed Company Products. Company acknowledges that ICSC may cease to Personalize ExpressPlay Binaries that ICSC has directed Company to cease using.

All Company Services and Company Products shall be branded and marked exclusively under trademarks of Company, without reference to ICSC or any of its trademarks or the trademarks of its licensors. Company shall not refer to any Company Product, Company Service, or any other product or service in any manner that may create the appearance that Company is the owner, developer or provider of any Licensed Technology or the ICSC Services, or that ICSC is the source of any Company Product, Company Service, or any other product or service, or any element of any of the foregoing.

If Company engages third parties (Authorized Contractors) to engage in activities permitted by Section 2.2.3, Company shall:

9.1.       engage each such Authorized Contractor under a written agreement that places legally binding limitations and obligations on the Authorized Contractor concerning its use of the Licensed Technology and ICSC Services that are consistent with and no less stringent than those applicable to, or undertaken by, Company under this Agreement;

9.2.       correct any breach of this Agreement caused by an Authorized Contractor immediately upon discovery of such breach and immediately cause such Authorized Contractor to suspend its activities related to the Licensed Technology and ICSC Services; and

9.3.       be liable for any acts or omissions by the Authorized Contractor including acts or omissions which, if performed or not performed by Company, would be a breach of this Agreement.

In addition to modifications made by ICSC as permitted herein, the Parties may agree on certain changes as set forth in an order form, Purchase Agreement or amendment provided by ICSC and signed by both Parties.

12.3.   Termination. Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon written notice at any time if:

12.3.1.    The other Party is in material breach of this Agreement and fails to cure that material breach within thirty (30) days after written notice thereof; or

12.3.2.    The other Party becomes insolvent, enters bankruptcy, reorganization, composition or other similar proceedings under applicable laws, whether voluntary or involuntary, admits in writing its inability to pay its debts, or makes or attempts to make an assignment for the benefit of creditors. Such termination shall be effective upon written notice to such Party or as soon thereafter as is permitted by applicable law.

12.4.   Additional Termination Rights. In addition to the termination rights in Section 12.3:

12.4.1.    ICSC may terminate this Agreement or individual Purchase Agreements immediately upon written notice: (A) for any or no reason with or without advance notice to Company (i) at any time prior to Company’s designation of a Selected Service Plan or execution of a written Purchase Agreement with ICSC specifying the fees payable by Company to ICSC hereunder, or (ii) if Company ceases to use the ICSC Services for more than six (6) consecutive calendar months; or (B) if Company fails to pay fees or other amounts when due pursuant to this Agreement or a Purchase Agreement and does not cure the failure within ten (10) days after ICSC provides notice thereof.

12.4.2.    Company may terminate this Agreement as set forth in Section 12.2.

12.5.   Commercial DRM Provider Events. ICSC may suspend or terminate some or all of its provision of Licensed Technology and/or ICSC Services in the event that a provider of a Commercial DRM (i) terminates any relevant agreement it has with ICSC or any of its Affiliates or (ii) withdraws any right necessary for ICSC or any of ICSCs Affiliates to provide any of the Licensed Technology and/or ICSC Services.

12.6.   Effect of Termination.

12.6.1.    Upon the expiration or any termination of this Agreement for any reason, (i) Company shall immediately cease using any Licensed Technology, any of the ICSC Services or any Support Plan services; (ii) the licenses granted in Section 2.2 shall terminate immediately; (iii) ICSC will cease providing all ICSC Services and Support Plan services to Company; and (iv) Company shall promptly return or securely destroy (and certify such destruction in a writing acceptable to ICSC) all ICSC Confidential Information in the possession of Company or its Authorized Contractors (including all such information that has been copied, summarized or referenced in any Company documents).

12.6.2.    Sections 1, 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 5, 7.3, 8, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1 and 11.3 - 8 (until all amounts due ICSC have been paid), 12.6, 13.3, 14, 15 – 19, 21, 23 and Exhibit B (in accordance with Section 3 thereof) shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement.

12.6.3.    Company shall pay all amounts due to ICSC within thirty (30) days of ICSCs final invoice. Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not release the Parties from any liability, including payment obligations, which at the time of termination has already accrued or which thereafter may accrue with respect to any act or omission before expiration or termination, or from any obligation which is expressly identified in this Agreement as surviving expiration or termination.

12.6.4.    Neither Party shall be liable to the other for damages of any sort resulting solely from its termination of this Agreement or a Purchase Agreement in accordance with its terms.

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN SECTION 13.2 AND TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ICSC MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, AS TO ANY MATTER OR INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE ICSC SERVICES, LICENSED TECHNOLOGY, OR SUPPORT PLAN, AND DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED OR EXPRESS WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, WORKMANLIKE QUALITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, TITLE, SUITABILITY, ACCURACY, AVAILABILITY, RELIABILITY, AND ANY WARRANTIES ARISING OUT OF COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE, OR OTHERWISE. ICSC DOES NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT THE ICSC SERVICES OR SUPPORT PLAN SERVICES WILL BE ERROR FREE, UNINTERRUPTED, OR FREE OF HARMFUL COMPONENTS, OR THAT COMPANY’S DATA, CONTENT, OR OTHER MATERIALS WILL BE SECURE OR NOT LOST OR DAMAGED. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN, THE LICENSED TECHNOLOGY, ICSC SERVICES, AND SUPPORT PLAN ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS ONLY. NO ADVICE OR INFORMATION OBTAINED BY COMPANY FROM ICSC SHALL CREATE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY NOT EXPRESSLY STATED IN SECTION 13. COMPANY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (A) ICSC MAY MODIFY THE ICSC SERVICES OR THE LICENSED TECHNOLOGY DURING THE TERM, INCLUDING IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THEIR SECURITY, OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE, AND/OR UTILITY, AND (B) THIS AGREEMENT MAY NOT GRANT COMPANY ALL OF THE THIRD PARTY RIGHTS THAT COMPANY MAY NEED IN ORDER TO MAKE ITS INTENDED USES OF THE LICENSED TECHNOLOGY OR ICSC SERVICES (E.G., PATENT LICENSES TO USE THIRD PARTY AUDIO AND/OR VIDEO ENCODING AND/OR DECODING TECHNOLOGY), AND THAT COMPANY ALONE (AND NOT ICSC) SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR SECURING ANY ADDITIONAL RIGHTS NEEDED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL ICSC OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE TO COMPANY UNDER ANY CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE), AND WHETHER OR NOT ICSC HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS OF INCOME, DATA, PROFITS, CUSTOMERS, REVENUE OR GOODWILL, OR FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF ICSC OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES FOR ALL CLAIMS AND CAUSES OF ACTION UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, REGARDLESS OF THE BASIS OF LIABILITY, EXCEED THE AMOUNT OF THE FEES PAID TO ICSC BY COMPANY HEREUNDER DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO THE INITIAL EVENT(S) GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY. THE FOREGOING LIMITATION IS CUMULATIVE, WITH ALL PAYMENTS FOR CLAIMS OR DAMAGES BEING AGGREGATED TO DETERMINE SATISFACTION OF THE LIMIT, AND THE EXISTENCE OF ONE OR MORE CLAIMS WILL NOT ENLARGE THAT LIMIT. THIS SECTION WILL BE GIVEN FULL EFFECT EVEN IF ANY REMEDY SPECIFIED IN THE AGREEMENT IS DEEMED TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. FURTHER, COMPANY’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR UNAVAILABILITY OF THE EXPRESSPLAY SERVICE ARE ANY SERVICE CREDITS THAT MAY BE AVAILABLE UNDER THE SLA. THE LIMITATIONS IN THIS SECTION 16 APPLY ONLY TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

Company has no obligation to give ICSC any Feedback. ICSC may use and include any Feedback that Company provides to improve the ICSC Services, Licensed Technology or other technologies or services. Accordingly, if Company provides Feedback, Company agrees ICSC and its licensees may freely use, reproduce, license, distribute, and otherwise commercialize the Feedback in the ICSC Services, Licensed Technology or other technologies or services. Company further agrees not to provide any Feedback that Company knows (i) is subject to a patent, copyright or other intellectual property claim or right of any third party or (ii) is subject to license terms which seek to require any products incorporating or derived from such Feedback, or other ICSC intellectual property, to be licensed to or otherwise shared with any third party.

The Parties may issue a mutually acceptable joint press release announcing that Company has become a licensee of the Licensed Technology and a user of ICSC Services within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date or as otherwise agreed to by the Parties. In addition, ICSC shall have the right to publicly identify Company as a customer without further consent of Company. Company grants ICSC a royalty-free right to display Company’s logo, trademarks, and other branding indicia during the Term at the locations on ICSC’s website and in its promotional literature where ICSC lists its customers, in a manner that is no more prominent than the logos, trademarks, and other branding indicia of ICSC’s other customers that are displayed at the same location.

Company is responsible for downloading records of transactions within thirty (30) days of record creation.

Company may provide to ICSC certain Personal Data of its customers, employees, contractors, and other personnel in connection with the performance of this Agreement. Company represents and warrants that it has and will maintain all necessary consents, rights, and permissions to provide such Personal Data to ICSC. If Personal Data provided by Company to ICSC for the delivery of ICSC Services are subject to EU Data Protection Law, Exhibit B (“Data Processing Addendum”) to this Agreement shall apply.

In the event that Company is headquartered outside of the United States and its territories and does not have any subsidiaries or assets in the United States or its territories, the Parties agree that all disputes arising under or related to this Agreement shall be submitted to binding arbitration in accordance with the JAMS International Arbitration Rules. Any such arbitration will be conducted in English before a single arbitrator in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.

The remainder of this Section notwithstanding, either Party may apply to any court at any time to obtain any injunctive or other equitable relief necessary to prevent it from suffering or continuing to suffer an injury with respect to which there is no adequate remedy at law. Process may be served on either Party in the manner authorized by applicable law, court rule, or the JAMS International Arbitration Rules (in the case of arbitration). In any litigative or arbitral action or suit to enforce any right or remedy under this Agreement or to interpret any provision of this Agreement, the prevailing Party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action.

23.5.      Assignment. Company may not assign this Agreement, or any rights or obligations hereunder, whether by operation of contract, law or otherwise, except with the express written consent of ICSC. ICSC may assign this Agreement, or any rights or obligations hereunder, without Company’s consent (a) in connection with a merger, acquisition or sale of all or substantially all of ICSC’s assets or assets associated with the ICSC Services or Licensed Technology, or (b) to any Affiliate or as part of a corporate reorganization. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns. Any attempted assignment of rights or delegation of performance in violation of this Section is void.

23.6.      Subcontractors. ICSC may use the services of subcontractors and permit them to exercise the rights granted to ICSC hereunder in order to provide the applicable ICSC Services, Support Plan, and/or Licensed Technology under this Agreement. ICSC shall remain responsible for (a) compliance of any such subcontractor with the terms of this Agreement and (b) the overall provision of the ICSC Services, Support Plan, and Licensed Technology as required under this Agreement.

23.7.      Construction. If for any reason a court of competent jurisdiction finds any provision of this Agreement, or portion thereof, to be unenforceable, that provision of this Agreement will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible so as to affect the intent of the Parties, and the remainder of this Agreement will continue in full force and effect. No waiver of any breach of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of any prior, concurrent or subsequent breach of the same or any other provisions hereof, and no waiver shall be effective unless made in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the waiving Party.

23.8.      Security Directives. Company acknowledges that ICSC may implement security directives due to Commercial DRM requirements, which may restrict devices from rendering protected content or require ICSC not to process transaction requests from certain devices.

23.9.      Order of Precedence. In the event of a conflict between any provision of any exhibit(s) or appendices to this Agreement, on one hand, and a provision appearing in the body of this Agreement, on the other hand, the provision appearing in the body of this Agreement shall control and prevail. In the event of any conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Purchase Agreement, the terms of the Purchase Agreement shall control and prevail, unless such conflict relates to Section 14 (Disclaimers and Acknowledgements) or Section 16 (Limitations/Exclusions of Liability) of this Agreement, in which case the terms of this Agreement shall control and prevail.

23.10.  Interpretation. For purposes of interpreting this Agreement, (a) unless the context otherwise requires, the singular includes the plural, and the plural includes the singular; (b) unless otherwise specifically stated, the words “herein,” “hereof,” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular section or paragraph; (c) the words “include” and “including” will not be construed as terms of limitation, and will therefore mean “including but not limited to” and “including without limitation”; and (d) the captions and section and paragraph headings used in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and will not affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

23.11.  Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including any exhibits and appendices attached hereto, which are incorporated by this reference, together with any fully-executed Purchase Agreements constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to its subject matter and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous communications, negotiations and agreements, whether written or oral, between the Parties. No unilateral terms or conditions on materials issued by Company, including purchase orders, purchase agreements, and order forms, will be used to interpret or amend the Parties legal rights and responsibilities as they pertain to this Agreement, the Licensed Technology, the ICSC Services or the Support Plan services and ICSC specifically objects to such terms.

23.12.  Force Majeure. Neither Party shall be liable to the other Party or its Affiliates for non-performance or delay in performance of any of its or its suppliers obligations under this Agreement, other than the obligation to pay amounts due to the other Party in a timely manner, due to causes reasonably beyond its control including, fire, flood, epidemic, natural disasters, strikes, lock-out, labor trouble, other industrial disturbances, systemic electrical, telecommunications, or other utility failures, lack of raw materials or supplies, failure in third party software, unavoidable accidents, blockages, embargoes, Internet or other service provider failure or delay, governmental regulations, acts or orders, war, riots, acts of terrorism or sabotage, and insurrections. Should any such event of force majeure continue for thirty (30) days or more, either Party may terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the other Party.

23.13.  U.S. Government End-Users. Each of the components that constitute the Licensed Technology is a commercial item as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101, consisting of commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212. Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4, all U.S. Government end users acquire the Licensed Technology with only those rights set forth herein.

23.14.  Governing Language. This Agreement is written in English. In the event this Agreement is translated into any language other than English, the original English version shall control and prevail on any question of interpretation or otherwise. All communications and notices to be made or given pursuant to this Agreement must be in the English language.

23.15.  Headings. The headings in this Agreement are inserted merely for the purpose of convenience and shall not affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.


Exhibit A

Basic Service Level Agreement and Support Service

This statement of the ExpressPlay Basic Service Level Agreement (SLA) and description of the ExpressPlay ticket support service (Support Service) is an exhibit to the ExpressPlay Agreement (the Agreement). All capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Exhibit shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.

I.Definitions

II.ICSC Service Levels

d. Broadband ExpressPlay Transaction: Less than five (5) second response time to secure instructions to obtain a license to Marlin Managed Content.

III.Support Service Description

IV.Service Disclaimer

ICSC shall be excused from attempting to achieve Problem Resolution if its efforts to do so are impeded by:

Exhibit B

DATA PROCESSING ADDENDUM

This Data Processing Addendum (this “Addendum”), is part of the ExpressPlay Agreement (“Agreement”) between ICSC (“Processor”) and Company (“Controller”) and governs Processor’s Processing of Personal Data to the extent such Personal Data relates to natural persons in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) or Switzerland in connection with Processor’s provision of the services described in the Agreement (“Services”). Except as expressly stated otherwise, in the event of a conflict between the terms of the Agreement and the terms of this Addendum, the terms of this Addendum will take precedence. The Addendum will become effective on the date that the Agreement becomes effective. Unless otherwise indicated, all capitalized terms used but not defined in this Addendum have the meanings given to them in Regulation (EU) 2016/679, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”).

The Parties agree that for the purposes of this Addendum, Controller is a Data Controller and Processor is a Data Processor.


Appendices to EU Model Clauses

Standard Contractual Clauses (processors)

Appendix 1 to the Standard Contractual Clauses

This Appendix forms part of the Clauses and must be completed and signed by the parties. The Member States may complete or specify, according to their national procedures, any additional necessary information to be contained in this Appendix

Data exporter

The data exporter is a company providing digital content to end-users.

Data importer

The data importer is a company providing personalization of end-user devices, end-user software to the Data Exporter’s end-users, and serving licenses and artifacts supporting end-users’ rendering of the digital content provided by the Data Exporter, all as specified in the Agreement.

Data subjects

The personal data transferred concern the following categories of data subjects (please specify):

Company personnel

End-users of the customer’s digital content distribution service.

Categories of data

The personal data transferred concern the following categories of data (please specify):

Personnel information including Given Name, Surname, e-mail address, telephone number, job title, employer, physical employment address

End-user data includes usage data, device and customer identifiers.

Special categories of data (if appropriate)

The personal data transferred concern the following special categories of data (please specify): None

Processing operations

The personal data transferred will be subject to the following basic processing activities (please specify):

The processing required to fulfil Data Importer’s obligations under the Agreement.

DATA EXPORTER

Name:………………………………

Authorised Signature ……………………

DATA IMPORTER

Name:………………………………

Authorised Signature ……………………


Appendix 2 to the Standard Contractual Clauses

This Appendix forms part of the Clauses and must be completed and signed by the parties

Description of the technical and organisational security measures implemented by the data importer in accordance with Clauses 4(c) and 5(c):

 

DATA EXPORTER

Name:………………………………

Authorised Signature ……………………

DATA IMPORTER

Name:………………………………

Authorised Signature ……………………